城市生活会危害人的心理健康吗？
Does City Living Hurt Mental Health?
From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
来自《美国之音》的报道，这里是健康与生活方式报告。
Are people happier in nature with blue skies overhead and fresh green grass underfoot? Could noisy streets, crowded with cars and people, make us unhappy?
在头顶蔚蓝的天空及脚踏青青绿草的大自然中，人们是否会更快乐呢？嘈杂的街道、拥挤的汽车和人群会使我们不开心吗？
The possible mental health effects of city living affects a lot of people. The World Health Organization estimates that 54 percent of the world's population lived in urban areas in 2014. The WHO adds that that amount will increase to 66 percent by 2050.
城市生活对心理健康可能造成的影响，直接影响到很多人。世界卫生组织估计，2014年世界54%的人口居住在城市地区。世界卫生组织补充到，到2050年，这个数值会增加到66%。
People often move to cities for better jobs and more cultural activities. But are they putting themselves at risk? Maybe.
人们搬到城市去，通常是为了找更好的工作以及参加更多的文化活动。但是，他们是否在冒险呢？也许是的。
Experts at the American Psychiatry Association say that "natural environments or green spaces" do much for good our mental health.
美国精神病学协会的专家说“自然环境或绿地”对我们的心理健康大有益处。
Many studies have shown that nature can calm us and make us feel happy. Nature, experts say, can also help us learn better. And experiencing nature helps people recover from the mental tiredness that comes from day-to-day work.
多项研究表明，大自然能使我们保持平静，让我们感到快乐。专家还说，自然能帮助我们更好的学习。体验大自然可以帮助人们从日常工作带来的精神疲劳中恢复过来。
Other research also suggests that activity in natural outdoor settings can help to reduce the symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. ADHD is a brain disorder that can effect a person's ability to think clearly.
其它研究还表明，在室外的大自然环境中活动可以帮助减少儿童注意缺陷障碍和多动症症状。注意力不集中症（多动症）是一种能影响思考能力的大脑紊乱症状。
On the other hand, mental health experts say some research suggests that city living might hurt our mental health. But they cannot say exactly why.
另一方面，心理健康专家说，一些研究表明，城市生活可能会伤害我们的心理健康。但是不能确切地说出原因。
What are the specific aspects of the urban environment which causes some people to develop mental health issues?
城市环境从哪些具体方面引起心理健康问题的呢？
Andrea Mechelli is a doctor with the Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London.
安德烈·米凯利是伦敦国王学院精神病学研究所的一名医生。
There have been studies where people were literally taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment, and their symptoms would improve. And we also see that the greater the city the greater the risk.
已有研究表明，人们从城市搬到农村居住后，精神状况会有所改善。我们还发现，越大的城市带来的（健康）风险也就越大。
Mechelli says that someone who lives in a city is three times more likely to develop psychosis than someone who lives in the country.
米凯利说，住在城里的人比住在乡下的人患精神疾病的几率要大三倍。
Kings College researchers, along with city planners, land and building designers and others wanted to learn more about city living and mental illness. So, they created a smartphone app called Urban Mind. They say they wanted to understand how different parts of the urban environment affect mental wellbeing.
国王学院的研究人员与城市规划师、土地规划建筑设计师以及其他人一起，想了解更多关于城市生活与精神疾病（的信息）。因此，他们开发了一款叫“Urban Mind”的手机应用。他们称，想了解不同的城市环境是如何影响心理健康的。
The Urban Mind app measures your experience of city living in the moment. Researchers collected real time information from 108 people. These people answered just over 3,000 questions during a one-week period.
这款“Urban Mind”的应用记录你当下的城市生活的经历。研究人员收集了108人的实时信息。这些人在一周的时间里要回答3000多个问题。
The researchers found that "being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature were associated with higher levels of mental well-being."
研究人员发现，较好的精神状态与与自然接触的感觉有关，比如享受户外、看树、听鸟鸣、看天空等。
They also found that these seeming effects of nature were especially strong in those individuals at greater risk of mental health problems.
他们还发现，这些自然因素对那些心理健康问题比较严重的人影响更强烈。
The Urban Mind Project team says it hopes "the results will inform future urban planning and social policy aimed at improving design and health."
这个Urban Mind项目组表示，希望这项研究结果会让未来的城市规划和社会政策旨在改善设计，促进健康。
Their report is titled "Urban Mind: Using Smartphone Technologies to Investigate the Impact of Nature on Mental Wellbeing in Real Time." It was published in the January publication of BioScience magazine.
他们的报告题目为“Urban Mind：运用智能手机技术，调研自然对心理健康产生的实时影响”。这项报告发布于1月出版的《生物科学》杂志上。
The researchers launched a new version of the Urban Mind app in March 2018. This new version will feature several languages and will be used for a large international study.
研究人员在2018年3月推出了Urban Mind应用的新版本。这一新版本是多语言版，将用于大型国际研究。
If you are interested in the project, you can visit the website at UrbanMind.info.
如果你对该项目感兴趣，你可以访问 UrbanMind.info 的网站
And that's the Health & Lifestyle report. I'm Anna Matteo.
这里是健康和生活方式报告。我是安娜·马特奥。
